Last Updated on June 26, 2024 by Abhishek Sharma
In the realm of computer networking, hubs serve as fundamental devices that facilitate the communication and data exchange between multiple computers and devices within a local area network (LAN). As one of the simplest forms of networking hardware, hubs play a crucial role in connecting multiple Ethernet devices, creating a network segment, and enabling data transmission across the network. Despite being largely superseded by more advanced technologies like switches and routers, hubs remain an important concept in understanding the basics of network infrastructure. This article will explore the functionality, types, and applications of hubs, along with addressing common questions related to their use in computer networks.
What is Hub in Computer Network?
A hub is a physical-layer device that operates on bits rather than frames. When a bit representing a zero or a one arrives from one interface, the hub simply recreates the bit, increases its energy strength, and transmits it to all other interfaces. When a hub receives a bit from one of its interfaces, it copies it and sends it to all other interfaces.
Types of Hub in Computer Network
There are mainly three types of hub in computer network
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Passive Hub:
A passive hub is a basic hub that simply provides a physical connection between multiple devices. It does not require any external power source and operates using the power provided by the devices that are connected to it. Passive hubs typically have a limited number of ports and are used in small-scale networks. However, since they do not have any active components, they can be more prone to signal degradation and data loss. -
Active Hub:
An active hub, also known as a powered hub, is a hub that requires an external power source to operate. It contains active electronic components that amplify and regenerate signals, which allows it to extend the distance over which devices can communicate with each other. Active hubs typically have more ports than passive hubs and are used in larger-scale networks. They also provide better signal quality and reduce the chances of data loss. -
Intelligent Hub:
An intelligent hub is a type of hub that includes additional features such as network management capabilities, error detection, and troubleshooting tools. This type of hub is also known as a managed hub.
Working of Hub in Computer Network
A hub is a network device that has several ports. Each port can only support one device. These ports allow multiple devices to connect to the hub. The frame is sent by a connected device, say 1. (sender). This frame will be sent to all connected devices (receivers), which in this case are 2, 3, and 4.
Assume devices 1 and 2 both send frames/frames to the hub at the same time. As a result, frames frequently crash. The hub can support N collision domains, where N is the number of devices connected to the hub. When this collision occurs, the host that sent the frame is notified. The sent frames are destroyed, and the host sends a jam signal to other hosts to wait. To avoid further collisions, each host has its waiting period.
Although the frame is sent to all ports, a connected device only accepts frames or frames whose MAC address matches the destination MAC address field. The device discards the remaining frames.
Advantages of Hub in Computer Network:
Here we have the advantages of computer network
- Cost-effective: Hubs are relatively inexpensive compared to other networking devices such as switches and routers, making them an affordable option for small networks or home networks.
- Easy to install and configure: Hubs are easy to set up and use. They require minimal configuration and do not require any advanced networking knowledge.
- Compatible with various devices: Hubs can connect different types of devices such as computers, printers, and other network devices with different operating systems and networking technologies.
Disadvantages of Hub in Computer Network
Here we have the disadvantages of hub in computer network
- Limited bandwidth: Hubs have a limited bandwidth capacity that is shared among all connected devices. This means that when multiple devices try to communicate at the same time, collisions can occur, which can lead to data loss and network congestion.
- No security features: Hubs do not provide any security features, meaning that any device connected to the hub has access to all data transmitted over the network. This can be a security risk in environments where sensitive data is being transmitted.
- Limited scalability: Hubs are not suitable for large networks due to their limited scalability. As the number of devices on the network increases, the network’s performance can suffer.
Application of Hub in Computer Network
Applications of hub in computer networks are:
- Connecting devices: Hubs are used to connect devices in a local area network (LAN) such as computers, printers, and servers. This allows the devices to communicate with each other and share resources.
- Extending network range: Hubs can be used to extend the range of a network by connecting multiple hubs together. This allows devices to communicate over a larger distance.
- Troubleshooting: Hubs can be useful for troubleshooting network connectivity issues. By connecting a device to a hub, it can be determined whether the issue is with the device or with the network.
- Cost-effective: Hubs are typically less expensive than other networking devices such as switches and routers, making them a cost-effective solution for small networks.
However, it is important to note that hubs have limitations and may not be suitable for all network configurations. For example, in a large network with high traffic, a hub may cause network congestion and reduce network performance. In such cases, a switch or router would be a better choice.
Conclusion
Hubs have been integral components in the evolution of computer networks, providing a straightforward means of connecting multiple devices within a LAN. While modern networks have largely transitioned to more sophisticated devices like switches and routers, the fundamental principles and simplicity of hubs offer valuable insights into the basics of network communication. Understanding hubs is essential for grasping the foundational aspects of networking, including data transmission, network topology, and the progression towards more efficient and intelligent networking solutions. As networking technology continues to advance, the role of hubs, though diminished, remains a significant chapter in the history and development of computer networks.
Frequently Asked Questions on Hub in Computer Network
Here we have FAQ on hub in computer network:
1. What is a hub in computer networking?
A hub is a basic networking device used to connect multiple Ethernet devices within a local area network (LAN). It operates at the physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model and functions as a central connection point, broadcasting incoming data packets to all connected devices.
2. How does a hub differ from a switch?
A hub simply broadcasts incoming data to all ports, without any filtering or intelligence. In contrast, a switch operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) and can intelligently direct data packets to the specific destination device based on MAC addresses, reducing network congestion and improving efficiency.
3. Can hubs support full-duplex communication?
No, hubs operate in half-duplex mode, meaning data transmission can occur in only one direction at a time. This limitation contrasts with switches, which can support full-duplex communication, allowing simultaneous two-way data transmission.
4. How do hubs handle network collisions?
Hubs operate on a shared collision domain, meaning all connected devices share the same bandwidth. When two devices attempt to send data simultaneously, a collision occurs. The network uses the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) protocol to detect and manage collisions, but this can slow down network performance.
5. Are hubs still used in modern networks?
While hubs have largely been replaced by more advanced devices like switches and routers, they are still used in certain scenarios where simplicity and cost-effectiveness are prioritized. However, for most modern networks, switches are preferred due to their better performance, efficiency, and advanced features.