Last Updated on April 11, 2023 by Prepbytes
In computer networking, a hub is a central connecting device that enables multiple devices to communicate with each other. A hub receives data from one device and broadcasts it to all other devices connected to it. Hub in computer networks is commonly used in small networks or home networks, where there is a need to connect multiple devices, such as computers, printers, and other network devices. Here we explore the hub in computer networks, types of hubs in computer networks, the working of hub in computer network, advantages and disadvantages of the hub in computer network
What is Hub in Computer Network?
A hub is a physical-layer device that operates on bits rather than frames. When a bit representing a zero or a one arrives from one interface, the hub simply recreates the bit, increases its energy strength, and transmits it to all other interfaces. When a hub receives a bit from one of its interfaces, it copies it and sends it to all other interfaces.
Types of Hub in Computer Network
There are mainly three types of hub in computer network
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Passive Hub:
A passive hub is a basic hub that simply provides a physical connection between multiple devices. It does not require any external power source and operates using the power provided by the devices that are connected to it. Passive hubs typically have a limited number of ports and are used in small-scale networks. However, since they do not have any active components, they can be more prone to signal degradation and data loss. -
Active Hub:
An active hub, also known as a powered hub, is a hub that requires an external power source to operate. It contains active electronic components that amplify and regenerate signals, which allows it to extend the distance over which devices can communicate with each other. Active hubs typically have more ports than passive hubs and are used in larger-scale networks. They also provide better signal quality and reduce the chances of data loss. -
Intelligent Hub:
An intelligent hub is a type of hub that includes additional features such as network management capabilities, error detection, and troubleshooting tools. This type of hub is also known as a managed hub.
Working of Hub in Computer Network
A hub is a network device that has several ports. Each port can only support one device. These ports allow multiple devices to connect to the hub. The frame is sent by a connected device, say 1. (sender). This frame will be sent to all connected devices (receivers), which in this case are 2, 3, and 4.
Assume devices 1 and 2 both send frames/frames to the hub at the same time. As a result, frames frequently crash. The hub can support N collision domains, where N is the number of devices connected to the hub. When this collision occurs, the host that sent the frame is notified. The sent frames are destroyed, and the host sends a jam signal to other hosts to wait. To avoid further collisions, each host has its waiting period.
Although the frame is sent to all ports, a connected device only accepts frames or frames whose MAC address matches the destination MAC address field. The device discards the remaining frames.
Advantages of Hub in Computer Network:
Here we have the advantages of computer network
- Cost-effective: Hubs are relatively inexpensive compared to other networking devices such as switches and routers, making them an affordable option for small networks or home networks.
- Easy to install and configure: Hubs are easy to set up and use. They require minimal configuration and do not require any advanced networking knowledge.
- Compatible with various devices: Hubs can connect different types of devices such as computers, printers, and other network devices with different operating systems and networking technologies.
Disadvantages of Hub in Computer Network
Here we have the disadvantages of hub in computer network
- Limited bandwidth: Hubs have a limited bandwidth capacity that is shared among all connected devices. This means that when multiple devices try to communicate at the same time, collisions can occur, which can lead to data loss and network congestion.
- No security features: Hubs do not provide any security features, meaning that any device connected to the hub has access to all data transmitted over the network. This can be a security risk in environments where sensitive data is being transmitted.
- Limited scalability: Hubs are not suitable for large networks due to their limited scalability. As the number of devices on the network increases, the network’s performance can suffer.
Application of Hub in Computer Network
Applications of hub in computer networks are:
- Connecting devices: Hubs are used to connect devices in a local area network (LAN) such as computers, printers, and servers. This allows the devices to communicate with each other and share resources.
- Extending network range: Hubs can be used to extend the range of a network by connecting multiple hubs together. This allows devices to communicate over a larger distance.
- Troubleshooting: Hubs can be useful for troubleshooting network connectivity issues. By connecting a device to a hub, it can be determined whether the issue is with the device or with the network.
- Cost-effective: Hubs are typically less expensive than other networking devices such as switches and routers, making them a cost-effective solution for small networks.
However, it is important to note that hubs have limitations and may not be suitable for all network configurations. For example, in a large network with high traffic, a hub may cause network congestion and reduce network performance. In such cases, a switch or router would be a better choice.
Conclusion
In conclusion, hubs are basic networking device that is used to connect multiple devices in a network together. They are cost-effective and useful for small networks, but may not be suitable for large networks with high traffic. Hubs can be used to extend network range, troubleshoot network issues, and connect devices in a local area network. However, it’s important to consider the specific needs of the network when selecting a networking device and to choose the appropriate device that will provide the best performance for the network. hubs have limitations and may not be suitable for all network configurations. For example, in a large network with high traffic, a hub may cause network congestion and reduce network performance. In such cases, a switch or router would be a better choice.
Frequently Asked Questions
Here we have FAQ on hub in computer network
Q1: How does a hub work?
Ans: A hub works by receiving incoming data packets from one device and broadcasting them to all other devices connected to the hub. This is also known as a broadcast domain.
Q2: Can a hub connect to a router?
Ans: Yes, a hub can connect to a router, but it is not recommended as it can cause network congestion.
Q3: The maximum number of devices that can be connected to a hub?
Ans: The maximum number of devices that can be connected to a hub depends on the specific hub model, but typically ranges from 4 to 24 devices.
Q4: What is the difference between a hub and a switch?
Ans: A hub is a simple networking device that sends incoming data packets to all connected devices, while a switch is a more advanced device that selectively sends data packets to the intended recipient device.
Q5: Can hubs be used to extend the range of a network?
Ans: Yes, hubs can be used to extend the range of a network by connecting multiple hubs together.
Q6: Are hubs still used in modern networks?
Ans: Hubs are still used in some small and simple networks, but switches and routers are more commonly used in modern networks due to their advanced features and better performance.
Q7: Can hubs cause network congestion?
Ans: Yes, in a large network with high traffic, a hub may cause network congestion and reduce network performance.
Q8: What is the cost of a hub compared to a switch?
Ans: Hubs are typically less expensive than switches.